Snowman's Notes Subsections

SNOWMAN’S NOTES Insulator’s Notes FEBRUARY 1, 2018 SNOWMAN Member of Local 110

BASICS

Line Numbering 1 2 3 4 5 6 Colors shall follow a modified rainbow: Red, blue, green, light blue, purple and pink, and repeat as required.

Abbreviations BD Blow Down CL Center Line — - — - — - — - DPI Delta Pressure Indicator DPSH Delta Pressure Suction Head FI Flow Indicator FOF Flush on Face FR Flow Recorder FRC Flow recorder Controller FW Field Weld ID I

Basic Tool List - Nippers 6” or 8” End-cutting - Tape Measure: 12’X3/4” - Scissors - Knives: o Duct wrap o FIG Pipe covering o Rubber work - Sharpening Stone - Framing Square - Hand Saw - Docking Saw for Cal Sil - Keyhol

Fractions and Decimals Fraction Decimal Fraction2 Decimal3 1/32 0.03125 17/32 0.53125 1/16 0.0625 9/16 0.5625 3/32 0.09375 19/32 0.59375 1/8 0.125 5/8 0.625 5/32 0.15625 21/32 0.65625 3/16 0.1875 11/16 0.6875 7/32 0.2187

Flanges Pipe Size 150 # 300 # 400 # 600 # 900 # 1500 # 2 6 6.5 6.5 6.5 8.5 8.5 3 7.5 8.25 8.25 8.25 9.5 10.5 4 9 10 10 10.75 11.5 12.25 5 10 11 11 13 13.75 14.75 6 11 12.5 12.5 14 15 15.5 8 13.5 15 15.5 16.5 18.5 19 10 1

Circle Weights Number of Divisions Weight Number Number of Divisions Weight Number 2 2.000 19 0.330 3 1.732 20 0.296 4 1.414 21 0.284 5 1.176 22 0.273 6 1.000 23 0.261 7 0.866 24 0.250 8 0.765 25 0.246 9 0.684 26 0.237 1

Metal Bands Pipe Size Thickness Diameter Metal Length Band Length Lap 1/2 1 3 10 7/8 19 1 3/4 1 3 10 7/8 19 1 1 1 3 1/2 12 3/8 20 1 1 1/4 1 3 1/2 12 3/8 20 1 1/2 1 1/2 4 14 22 1 3/4 1 1/2 4 14 22 1 1 1/2 1 4 14 22 1 1 1

90-Degree Elbows 90 Degree Elbows Iron Pipe Size Insulation Thickness 1 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 1/2 2 5 8 12 23 3/4 2 5 9 12 23 1 3 6 11 12 23 1 1/4 3 9 11 18 23 1 1/2 4 9 18 23 15 2 7 10 18 20 24 2 1/2 13 16 20 24 25 3 14 19 22

Jacketing and 45-degree elbows Jacketing and 45 Degree Elbows Iron Pipe Size Insulation Thickness 1 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 1/2 1 3 5 7 8 3/4 1 3 5 7 8 1 2 4 6 7 8 1 1/4 2 5 6 7 8 1 1/2 3 5 7 8 9 2 4 6 7 8 9 2 1/2 5 7 8 9 10 3 6

Flange Sizes I r o n P i p e S i z e 1 / 2 " O C F 1 " 1 1 / 2 " 2 " 2 1 / 2 " 3 " 3 / 1 2 " 4 " 5 " 5 1 / 2 " 6 " 3 / 8 " # 2 # 7 # 9 1 / 2 " 3 7 1 0 # 1 2 # 1 5 # 1 7 # 1 8 1 9 # 3 / 4 " 4 5 7 1 0 1 2 1 5 1 7 1 8 1 9 1

Copper Tube Table Copper Tube Table C o p p e r T u b i n g S i z e A c t u a l O D 1 / 2 " O C F 1 " 1 1 / 2 " 2 " 2 1 / 2 " 3 " 3 1 / 2 " 4 " 5 " 5 1 / 2 " 6 " 3 / 8 " 1 / 2 " # 5 # 9 # 1 1 # 1 3 # 1 5 1 / 2 " 5 / 8 "

90 Degree Aluminum ELL- JACS 90 ° Aluminum ELL-JACS Iro n Pip e Siz e Insulation Thickness m m 2 5 3 8 5 1 6 4 7 6 8 9 1 0 2 inc h 1 1 . 5 2 2 . 5 3 3 . 2 5 4 0.5 2 5 8 1 2 2 3 1 5 2 5 0.7 5 2 5 8 1 2 2 3 1 5 2 5 1 3 6 1

45-Degree Aluminum ELL-JACS Iro n Pip e Siz e Insulation Thickness m m 2 5 3 8 5 1 6 4 7 6 8 9 1 0 2 inc h 1 1 . 5 2 2 . 5 3 3 . 2 5 4 0.5 1 3 5 7 8 9 1 0 0.7 5 1 3 5 7 8 9 1 0 1 2 4 6 7 8 9 1 0 1.2 5 2 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1.5

Copper Pipe Jacketing Copper Pipe Call out size in " Actual Size in inches 3/8 5/8 7/8 1/2 IPS 1 1/8 3/4 IPS 1 3/8 1 IPS 1 5/8 1 1/4 IPS 1 7/8 Equal to call out & up

Iron Jacketing Iron Call out size in " Actual Size in inches 3/8 5/8 1/2 7/8 3/4 1 1/8 1 1 3/8 1 1/4 1 5/8 1 1/2 1 15/16 2 2 3/8 2 1/2 2 7/8 3 3 1/2 4 4 1/2 5 5 1/2 6 6 5/8 7 7 5/8 8 8 3/4 9 9 3/4 10 10 3/4 11 11 3/4 12

MATH

Math Shapes and Formulas

Math Shapes and Formulas

Square or Rectangle Area = Length X Width = lw Perimeter = 2 Lengths + 2 Widths = 2L+2W Parallelogram Area = Base X Height = bh Triangle Area = ½ of base X height = 1/2bh Perimeter = a+b+c (add length of 3 sides) Apezoid

Square or Rectangle Area = Length X Width = lw Perimeter = 2 Lengths + 2 Widths = 2L+2W Parallelogram Area = Base X Height = bh Triangle Area = ½ of base X height = 1/2bh Perimeter = a+b+c (add length of 3 sides) Apezoid

Square or Rectangle Area = Length X Width = lw Perimeter = 2 Lengths + 2 Widths = 2L+2W Parallelogram Area = Base X Height = bh Triangle Area = ½ of base X height = 1/2bh Perimeter = a+b+c (add length of 3 sides) Apezoid

Square or Rectangle Area = Length X Width = lw Perimeter = 2 Lengths + 2 Widths = 2L+2W Parallelogram Area = Base X Height = bh Triangle Area = ½ of base X height = 1/2bh Perimeter = a+b+c (add length of 3 sides) Apezoid

Square or Rectangle Area = Length X Width = lw Perimeter = 2 Lengths + 2 Widths = 2L+2W Parallelogram Area = Base X Height = bh Triangle Area = ½ of base X height = 1/2bh Perimeter = a+b+c (add length of 3 sides) Apezoid

Prism Surface Area = 2b+Ph (b is area of the base) (P is perimeter of base) Volume = Base X Height = bh Cylinder Surface Area = 2 𝜋 𝑟ℎ (Rad ius X Height) Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2𝑋 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 Pyramid Surface Area = Add Area of base to t

Prism Surface Area = 2b+Ph (b is area of the base) (P is perimeter of base) Volume = Base X Height = bh Cylinder Surface Area = 2 𝜋 𝑟ℎ (Rad ius X Height) Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2𝑋 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 Pyramid Surface Area = Add Area of base to t

Prism Surface Area = 2b+Ph (b is area of the base) (P is perimeter of base) Volume = Base X Height = bh Cylinder Surface Area = 2 𝜋 𝑟ℎ (Rad ius X Height) Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2𝑋 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 Pyramid Surface Area = Add Area of base to t

Prism Surface Area = 2b+Ph (b is area of the base) (P is perimeter of base) Volume = Base X Height = bh Cylinder Surface Area = 2 𝜋 𝑟ℎ (Rad ius X Height) Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2𝑋 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 Pyramid Surface Area = Add Area of base to t

Prism Surface Area = 2b+Ph (b is area of the base) (P is perimeter of base) Volume = Base X Height = bh Cylinder Surface Area = 2 𝜋 𝑟ℎ (Rad ius X Height) Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2𝑋 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 Pyramid Surface Area = Add Area of base to t

Rise Tangent of the angle X the distance = the rise

Mitres: Mean Radius ±1.2 O.D X 1/2 π (pi) ÷ Miters Lags: O.D. ÷ I.D. X ILS = (OLS) ID ÷ OD X OLS = (ILS) Figuring Lag Sizes Dims Required: ID of Insulation, OD of Insulation, Inside Lag size or outside lag size. Formulas

Mitres: Mean Radius ±1.2 O.D X 1/2 π (pi) ÷ Miters Lags: O.D. ÷ I.D. X ILS = (OLS) ID ÷ OD X OLS = (ILS) Figuring Lag Sizes Dims Required: ID of Insulation, OD of Insulation, Inside Lag size or outside lag size. Formulas

Mitres: Mean Radius ±1.2 O.D X 1/2 π (pi) ÷ Miters Lags: O.D. ÷ I.D. X ILS = (OLS) ID ÷ OD X OLS = (ILS) Figuring Lag Sizes Dims Required: ID of Insulation, OD of Insulation, Inside Lag size or outside lag size. Formulas

Mitres: Mean Radius ±1.2 O.D X 1/2 π (pi) ÷ Miters Lags: O.D. ÷ I.D. X ILS = (OLS) ID ÷ OD X OLS = (ILS) Figuring Lag Sizes Dims Required: ID of Insulation, OD of Insulation, Inside Lag size or outside lag size. Formulas

Parallel Line Development The parallel line method of pattern development is based on a system of lines drawn parallel to one another on the surface of a sheet metal article and is used to develop items such as elbows, s

Parallel Line Development The parallel line method of pattern development is based on a system of lines drawn parallel to one another on the surface of a sheet metal article and is used to develop items such as elbows, s

The following diagram shows a pipe socket cut at an angle-Table 1. Figure I: Shows the elevation. Figure II: Development, the seam is on the outside, on line A-a. Figure III: Development, the seam is on the inside, on li

The following diagram shows a pipe socket cut at an angle-Table 1. Figure I: Shows the elevation. Figure II: Development, the seam is on the outside, on line A-a. Figure III: Development, the seam is on the inside, on li

There are many joints in sheet metal. Some joints are called self-secured joints. This is where we use the job’s own metal. Examples are Groove joint, Slip joint and Peined joint. They all have different amounts of metal

2.3 Development of a 90º Segmental bend -1 Full, 2 Half Segments Figure I: Elevation. Figure II: Development of the upper segment. Figure III: Development of the middle segment. Figure IV: Development of the lower segmen

2.3 Development of a 90º Segmental bend -1 Full, 2 Half Segments Figure I: Elevation. Figure II: Development of the upper segment. Figure III: Development of the middle segment. Figure IV: Development of the lower segmen

2.3 Development of a 90º Segmental bend -1 Full, 2 Half Segments Figure I: Elevation. Figure II: Development of the upper segment. Figure III: Development of the middle segment. Figure IV: Development of the lower segmen

Figure IV: Development of a half segment, seam on the outside. With the centre point S and the previously measured radius of curvature Sd in figure I draw a 90º arc and divide it into the desired number of segments obser

Figure IV: Development of a half segment, seam on the outside. With the centre point S and the previously measured radius of curvature Sd in figure I draw a 90º arc and divide it into the desired number of segments obser

equal parts and from this find points 2 to 6 and draw the perpendiculars to the base line. Lay off 600mm from point s to point p, which may be inside or outside the semicircle, and draw the perpendicular at p and lay off

equal parts and from this find points 2 to 6 and draw the perpendiculars to the base line. Lay off 600mm from point s to point p, which may be inside or outside the semicircle, and draw the perpendicular at p and lay off

Shape Math Shape Formulas Square/Rect angle Area = Length X Width Perimeter = 2 X Lengths + 2 X Widths A = lw P=2l+2w Parallelogra m Area = Base X Height A=bh Triangle Area = ½ base X height Perimeter = add length of thr

LINE AND CIRCLE DIVISIO N

Line Division Mathematically: Use easy math when possible. Basic Geometry: Using dividers set more than half the line length. From each end of the line scribe inward creating common apex’s above and below the line. Join

Line Division Mathematically: Use easy math when possible. Basic Geometry: Using dividers set more than half the line length. From each end of the line scribe inward creating common apex’s above and below the line. Join

Line Division Mathematically: Use easy math when possible. Basic Geometry: Using dividers set more than half the line length. From each end of the line scribe inward creating common apex’s above and below the line. Join

Line Division Mathematically: Use easy math when possible. Basic Geometry: Using dividers set more than half the line length. From each end of the line scribe inward creating common apex’s above and below the line. Join

Line Division Mathematically: Use easy math when possible. Basic Geometry: Using dividers set more than half the line length. From each end of the line scribe inward creating common apex’s above and below the line. Join

Circle Division (Bisecting) Important!! Draw cross hairs then add circle. Place dividers on quarter point set to just over half a 1/4 point and scribe outside the circle slightly. Repeat for next 1/4 point joining arcs f

Parts of a Circle 1. Diameter 2. Radius 3. Segment 4. Chord 5. Sector 6. Tangent 7. Circumference 8. Arc

Circle Division (Bisecting) Important!! Draw cross hairs then add circle. Place dividers on quarter point set to just over half a 1/4 point and scribe outside the circle slightly. Repeat for next 1/4 point joining arcs f

REFERE NCE CARDS

K-Factor “K” is the thermal conductivity of a material as defined by ASIM (American Society of Testing Materials) as follows: The amount of heat (BTUs) transmitted through (1) square foot of material (1) inch thick, in (

K-Factor “K” is the thermal conductivity of a material as defined by ASIM (American Society of Testing Materials) as follows: The amount of heat (BTUs) transmitted through (1) square foot of material (1) inch thick, in (

Elbows 90 Degree Pressed Elbows Iron Pipe Size Insulation Thickness 1 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 1/2 2 5 8 12 2 3 3/4 2 5 9 12 2 3 1 3 6 1 1 12 2 3 1 1/4 3 9 1 1 18 2 3 1 1/2 4 9 1 8 23 1 5 2 7 10 1 8 20 2 4 2 1/2 1 3 16 2 0 24 2 5

Elbows Continued 45 Degree Pressed Elbows Iron Pipe Size Insulation Thickness 1 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 1/2 1 3 5 7 8 3/4 1 3 5 7 8 1 2 4 6 7 8 1 1/4 2 5 6 7 8 1 1/2 3 5 7 8 9 2 4 6 7 8 9 2 1/2 5 7 8 9 1 0 3 6 7 8 9 1 0 3 1/2 7

End Caps End Caps Call Out Size Diameter " 3/4" Crimp 3/16" Easy Edge Cut & Roll #5 5 3 1/4 2 11/16 17 11/16 #6 5 1/2 3 1/2 2 15/16 19 1/4 #7 6 5/8 4 1/16 3 1/2 22 13/16 #8 7 5/8 4 9/16 4 25 15/16 #9 8 5/8 5 1/16 4 1/2 2

Calculating Elbows Mean Radius MR Long Radius 1 1/2 times callout size Short Radius equal to call out size (as measured from the apex of the two welds. Formulas: OD includes insulation Heel: (MR+1/2 OD)*1/2 Pi ÷ Number o

C Bevels: Square Method 1. Draw a 90° angle large enough to fit the OD of the pipe covering. (Legs) 2. Mark pipe radius on both legs. 3. Mark Insulation radius on both legs. Connect matching radii. Extend line for insula

Iron Pipe Sizes: Call out versus Actual Call out size in " Actual Size in inches 3/8 5/8 1/2 7/8 3/4 1 1/8 1 1 3/8 1 1/4 1 5/8 1 1/2 1 15/16 2 2 3/8 2 1/2 2 7/8 3 3 1/2 4 4 1/2 5 5 1/2 6 6 5/8 7 7 5/8 8 8 3/4 9 9 3/4 10

Copper Pipe Call-out versus actual size Copper Pipe Call out size in " Actual Size in inches 3/8 5/8 7/8 1/2 IPS 1 1/8 3/4 IPS 1 3/8 1 IPS 1 5/8 1 1/4 IPS 1 7/8 & up Equal to call out

Pipe Wall Thickness (I.P.) Call Out Size Wall Thickness 1/2-2 1/2 inch 3/8-inch Total 3-5 inch 1/2-inch total 6-8 inch 5/8-inch total 10-12 inch 3/4-inch total Note: Above 12 inch, the callout size is the actual O.D. of

Work Rest Regimen for Hot Weather Work Rest Regimen Light Work Load (WBGT °C) Moderate Work Load (WBGT °C) Heavy Work Load (WBGT °C) Continuous Work 30.0 26.7 25.5 75% Work 25% Rest Each Hour 30.6 28.0 25.9 50% Work 50%

Wind Chill Chart Figure 1 Wind Chill Chart (https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/phys_ agents/cold_working.html)

Fractions and Decimals F r a c. D ec i m al F r a c. D ec i m al F r a c . D ec i m al Fr ac ti o n D ec i m al 1 / 6 4 0. 01 56 25 3 3 / 6 4 0. 51 56 25 1 7 / 6 4 0. 26 56 25 4 9/ 6 4 0. 76 56 25 1 / 3 2 0. 03 12 5 1 7

Flange Size Chart Pipe Size 150 # 300 # 400 # 600 # 900 # 1500 # 2 6 6.5 6.5 6.5 8.5 8.5 3 7.5 8.25 8.25 8.25 9.5 10.5 4 9 10 10 10.75 11.5 12.25 5 10 11 11 13 13.75 14.75 6 11 12.5 12.5 14 15 15.5 8 13.5 15 15.5 16.5 18

Head Segments Dims Required: OD OC Segment length (1/4 Circumference), segment width, number of segments. Calculating a Segment Width Set a straight edge on the side of the head to determine the maximum width that can be

Enlarging or Reducing a Pattern Example: To increase the size of this pattern to 3 times the original size, the corner 1-2-3 Is a right angle to 1’-2’-3’ also a right angle can therefor be made 3 times as large (in this

Long Radius Mitered Insulation Elbows (Long Radius Weld ELL Chart) Page 42-44 of Local 7 book – type out in Excel

BEVEL AND END CAPS

Calculating Elbows Mean Radius MR Long Radius 1 1/2 times callout size Short Radius equal to call out size (as measured from the apex of the two welds. Formulas: OD includes insulation Heel: (MR+1/2 OD)*1/2 Pi ÷ Number o

Bevels: Square Method ` Mark pipe radius on both legs. Mark Insulation radius on both legs. Connect matching radii. Extend line for insulation radii, outward to allow for crimp. Set dividers from insulation thickness ->

PATTER NS AND LAYOUT S

Geometric Construction

Ellipse Construction The long axis of an ellipse is the major axis. The short axes is the minor axis. The foci E and F are found by striking arcs with the radius equal to half the major axis with the center at the end of

Dividing a Circle into Equal Parts Multiply the radius of the circle times the weight (a given number) that corresponds with the equal number of the parts used to divide the circle. Num ber of Divisi ons Weig ht Num ber

Equal Tee Dims Required =OD&OC Insulation. OC÷4 Tee Portion: 1. Cut a piece of metal equal to the OC+ LAP and ÷ into 4 equal parts (excluding LAP). 2. Set dividers to radius and scribe an arc in the lower corner. Then lo

Alternate Formula for Equal Tee Step 1: Draw a 90-degree angle Step 2: Using half the ODI set the dividers at the apex and swing a 90-degree arc from the vertical line to the base line Step 3: Divide the arc into equal n

Equal Tee Dims Required =OD&OC Insulation. OC÷4 Tee Portion: Cut a piece of metal equal to the OC+ LAP and ÷ into 4 equal parts (excluding LAP). Set dividers to radius and scribe an arc in the lower corner. Then locate A

Unequal Tee Dims Required: OD & OC of both pipes (Insulation included) & amount of change (depth of cheek) Tee Portion Cut a piece of metal equal to the OC of the small pipe + Lap, ÷ into equal number of parts (excluding

Unequal Tee Dims Required: OD & OC of both pipes (Insulation included) & amount of change (depth of cheek) Body Portion Cut a piece of metal equal to the large OC + LAP. Make a center line for the cut out. Set dividers t

Unequal Tee Dims Required: OD & OC of both pipes (Insulation included) & amount of change (depth of cheek) Tee Portion 1. Cut a piece of metal equal to the OC of the small pipe + Lap, ÷ into equal number of parts (exclud

Another Formula for an Unequal Tee Information Required: ODI for both sizes of pipe. Step 1: Draw a base line with a 90-degree vertical line at each end. Plan enough room to draw the rest of the layout. Step 2: Using hal

Layouts for Equal and Unequal Tees Stem Portions Only Information Required: ODI, Circumferences of pipes Step 1: Draw both views as shown in figure 1 and 2. Step 2: Trisect the top quarter of the circles as shown. Step 3

Another Method for Unequal Tees Stem Portion Information Required: Half circumference of small diameter insulation pattern for large diameter equal tee. Step 1: Cut jacketing material for half circumference of the stem p

Equal Laterals Dims Required: OD of pipe (Ins. Included) Working Drawing 1. Draw the working drawing. Draw center lines, add OD of pipe and scribe arcs on all ends. Divide arcs equally and project lines into drawing and

Steps for a 45-Degree Equilateral Information Required: ODI, Circumference Step 1: Draw a horizontal line with a 0— degree vertical center line and where they intersect draw a half-circle using half the ODI Step 2: Trise

Gore Elbows Dims Required OD, OC, Heel & Throat Measurements, Side & End Laps Working Drawing Cut a piece of metal equal to the OC + Total End Lap Scribe a semi circle equal to the OD of the insulation. Divide into equal

Butterfly Gores Dimas Required: OD, OC Heel, Throat, Total Side Lap, Total End Lap Heel Draw the working drawing As with regular gore drawing cut metal to 1/2 OC plus laps Divide into 6 equal parts & transfer dimensions

Snap-Line Gores Information Required: Diameter of the tank with insulation, length of a gore Step 1: To determine a gore’s width, place a straight edge horizontally to the curvature of the tank and measure the distance t

Orange Peel Gores Information Required: Radius of the tank (insulation included), height of the tank head (insulation included) Step 1: Determine the correct width of a gore using trial and error. Step 2: Divide the circ

Diameter Method for Orange Peel Gores a. Diameter of the tank with insulation b. Height of the tank top head with insulation c. Heel size of the gore; obtain later. Step 1: Draw a horizontal line one half the diameter of

Six Division Method for Orange Peel Gores Information Required: diameter of the tank, radius of the tank, circumference of the tank, width of the gore heel, number of gores required – find by trial and error and central

Concentric Reducer Large OD Small OD Actual Height (Distance covered) Radial Line Method 1. Using a piece of metal large enough for the amount of reduced to be done. Draw the side view. 2. Extend the sides up to a common

Eccentric Reducers Dims Required: Large OD, Small OD, Actual or Slant Height Draw the working drawing (end view) Divide both arcs into equally spaced parts and label. Draw your true length triangle and develop your true

Square to Square Dims Required: Top Dimension, bottom dimensions, slant height. Draw the working drawing (end view). Draw the true length triangle and develop the true lengths HINT: To find the actual height, place the A

Square to Square Transition Information Required: Include insulation in measurements a. small square dimensions, b. large square dimensions, c. true height Step 1: Draw both elevation and plan views. On the plan view dra

Square to Round Dims Required: Diameter, Perimeter, Actual or slant height. Draw the working drawing (end view) Divide the circle into equal parts and label. Also label square dimensions Connect circle divisions to squar

Alternate for Square to Round Information Required: (Include insulation in measurements) Turn height, square dimensions, round dimensions Step 1: Draw a plan view and letter as shown. Mark the true height on the right ve

Square to Round (Where Round is Larger) Information Required: Square Dimensions, Round Dimensions, True Height Steps: Use the same methods as a square to round layout.

Square to Round with Single Offset Information Required: Square dimensions, round dimensions, offset dimensions, true height Steps are similar to square to round.

Square to Round with Double Offset Information Required: Square dimensions, round dimensions, offset dimensions, true height Steps are similar to square to round.

Square to Round with Double Offset, Round Outside the Square Information Required: Square dimensions, round dimensions, offset dimensions, true height Steps are similar to square to round.

Round to Square Information Required: True height, square dimensions, round dimensions Step 1: Draw an elevation view of the fitting (include insulation). Step 2: Draw plan view. Trisect the top right quarter circle and

Rectangle to Rectangle Dims Required: Large and small dims, actual or slant height. 1. Draw the working drawing (end view) include the cross hairs, divide & label (best to include the break lines). 2. Draw the true lengt

Rectangle to Round Dims Required: Dimensions of rectangle, OD of round, actual or slant height. 1. Draw the working drawing (end view). Start with cross hairs the circle then rectangle. Label divisions and connect to cor

Oval to Round Information Required: oval dimensions with insulation included, round dimensions, true height Step 1: Draw a plan view of the fitting. Step 2: Trisect and label the small circle as shown. Step 3: Trisect an

Semi Elliptical Head Segments Dims Required: OD & OC of head seg width, side & end laps, # of segments, seg length, weld to tangent (tan line). Seg Width: Divide OC by an even # equally divisible by 4, eg. 40, 44, 48. Th

Equal Laterals Dims Required: OD of pipe (Ins. included) Working Drawing Draw the working drawing. Draw center lines, add OD of pipe and scribe arcs on all ends. Divide arcs equally and project lines into drawing and con

Unequal Laterals Required Dims: OD Both pipes, OC both pipes (Ins included). Working Drawing Draw the working drawing. Start with the centerline of the large pipe (Top portion not required). Draw a secondary projection d

Formula for a 45 degree Conical Information Required: Actual pipe size Step 1: Draw a 90-degree angle Step 2: Set dividers at half of the actual OD of the pipe and from the Apex mark both points A on both vertical and ho

Another method for a 45- degree conical Information required: Actual OD of the pipe, actual OD of the insulation .71 weight number. Step 1: Draw a 90-degree angle. The apex is the point where the lines meet. Step 2: Mult

Another Method for a 45- Degree Equal Lateral Information Required: ODI Step 1: Draw a rectangle using the ODI Step 2: Draw a semi-circle at each end of the rectangle and trisect both bottom quarters as shown in figure 1

Formula for an Unequal 45-Degree Lateral Information Required: ODI of both sizes of insulation Step 1: Draw a horizontal line with a 45- degree line intersecting that line. Step 2: Draw a 90-degree lines down from each e

Concentric Reducer (Equal Cone) Information Required: Include insulation in measurements, OD of larger insulation, OD of smaller insulation, true height of fitting. Step 1: Draw an elevation view of the fitting Step 2: D

Layout for a Cone or Taper Information required: Large diameter, small diameter, length of fitting Step 1: Draw a 90-degree angel and where they intersect will be point A. Step 2: From point A mark half the ODI of the sm

Eccentric Reducer or Hognose Information Required: OD of large insulation, OD of small insulation, length of fitting Step 1: Draw an elevation view and establish an apex by drawing lines from both outside diameter lines

Conic Reducing Tee at 90- Degrees Information Required: OD of large insulation, OD of small insulation, true height measurement, OD of the insulation where the cone enters the body of the fitting. Step 1: Draw a vertical

EXTRUD ED FOAM RUBBER

Extruded Foam Elbows On a square corner of the material (90°) . Scribe an arc representing the mean radius of the elbow. Subtract 1/2 the OD of the pipe (including wall thickness) from the mean radius then mark R1 Add 1/

Long Radius Rubber 90 Degree Elbow Information Required: Pipe call-out size, thickness of insulation Step 1: Draw a 90 degree angle from the apex swing an arc using the pipe call out size times 1 1/2 . This is the center

Short Radius Rubber 90 Degree Elbow Information Required: Pipe call-out size Step 1: Draw a 90-degree angle. Step 2: Multiply the pipe callout size by pi, divide by 2 and add 1 ½. Step 3: Swing an arch from the apex. Use

Equal Reducing Rubber 90 Degree Elbow Information Required: Small Pipe Diameter, Large Pipe Diameter, Insulation Thickness Step 1: Draw a 90-degree angle Step 2: Square the fittin from weld to weld using a framing square

Concentric Extruded Foam Rubber Reducer 1. Cut a piece equal to the large OC (Insulation included) & the actual height + 2 working edges. 2. Divide into 4 equal parts & put a working edge on the top & bottom. 3. Subtract

Eccentric Extruded Foam Rubber Reducer 1. Cut a piece equal to the large OC (Insulation included) & the actual height + 2 working edges. 2. Divide into 4 equal parts & put a working edge on the top & bottom. 3. Subtract

MEASUR EMENTS

MEASURING COMPLETED INSULATION METHOD A Applicable where contractor has quoted unit rate per linear metre of straight pipe and per each for pipefitting. STRAIGHT PIPE Shall be measured from origin to terminus point or ju

MEASURING COMPLETED INSULATION METHOD B Applicable where the contract has quoted unit rate per square metre of completed insulation. Areas of completed insulation will be measured as defined in attached schedule. Should

MEASURING COMPLETED INSULATION METHOD A Applicable where contractor has quoted unit rate per linear metre of straight pipe and per each for pipefitting. STRAIGHT PIPE Shall be measured from origin to terminus point or ju

MEASURING COMPLETED INSULATION METHOD A Applicable where contractor has quoted unit rate per linear metre of straight pipe and per each for pipefitting. STRAIGHT PIPE Shall be measured from origin to terminus point or ju

MEASURING COMPLETED INSULATION METHOD A Applicable where contractor has quoted unit rate per linear metre of straight pipe and per each for pipefitting. STRAIGHT PIPE Shall be measured from origin to terminus point or ju

MEASURING COMPLETED INSULATION METHOD A Applicable where contractor has quoted unit rate per linear metre of straight pipe and per each for pipefitting. STRAIGHT PIPE Shall be measured from origin to terminus point or ju

MEASURING COMPLETED INSULATION METHOD B Applicable where the contract has quoted unit rate per square metre of completed insulation. Areas of completed insulation will be measured as defined in attached schedule. Should

MEASURING COMPLETED INSULATION METHOD B Applicable where the contract has quoted unit rate per square metre of completed insulation. Areas of completed insulation will be measured as defined in attached schedule. Should

MEASURING COMPLETED INSULATION METHOD B Applicable where the contract has quoted unit rate per square metre of completed insulation. Areas of completed insulation will be measured as defined in attached schedule. Should

Measurement Imagery

Gores to A Domed Head Information Required: Height of domed head (from weld to tank top) and radius of the tank. Step 1: Draw a horizontal line the exact length of the radius of the tank and the rise combined. Draw a 90-